Thursday, March 12, 2020
Project Management Professional Practice Test
Project Management Professional Practice Test The Project Management Institute is a global project management organization. The group offers Project Management Professional certification that shows competency in a variety of project management and other business-related areas. The PMP certification process includes an exam based on the groups Project Management Body of Knowledge guide. Below are sample questions and answers that you might find on the PMP exam. Questions The following 20 questions are from Whiz Labs, which provides information and sample tests for a fee for the PMP and other examinations. Question 1 Which of the following is a tool used to secure expert judgment? B.. Delphi techniqueC. Expected value techniqueD. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Question 2 Based on the information provided below, which project would you recommend pursuing? Project I, with BCR (Benefit Cost ratio) of 1:1.6;Project II, with NPV of US $ 500,000;Project III, with IRR (Internal rate of return) of 15%Project IV, with opportunity cost of US $ 500,000. A. Project IB. Project IIIC. Either project II or IVD. Can not say from the data provided Question 3 What should be done by the project manager to ensure that all work in the project is included? A. Create a contingency planB. Create a risk management planC. Create a WBSD. Create a scope statement Question 4 What kind of a relationship is implied when completion of a successor is dependent on initiation of its predecessor? Choices:A. FSB. FFC. SSD. SF Question 5 What should a project manager do or follow to ensure clear boundaries for project completion? A. Scope verificationB. Complete a scope statementC. Scope definitionD. Risk management plan Question 6 An organization is certified to a stringent environmental standard and uses that as the key differentiator with its competitors. Alternative identification during scope planning for a particular project has thrown up an expeditious approach to achieve a project need, but this involves a risk of environmental contamination. The team evaluates that the likelihood of the risk is very low. What should the project team do? A. Drop the alternative approachB. Work out a mitigation planC. Procure an insurance against the riskD. Plan all precautions to avoid the risk Question 7 The following three tasks form the entire critical path of the project network. The three estimates of each of these tasks are tabulated below. How long would the project take to complete expressed with an accuracy of one standard deviation? Task    Optimistic     Most likely     PessimisticA                15                      25                 47B                12                      22                 35C                16                      27                 32 A. 75.5B. 75.5 /- 7.09C. 75.5 /- 8.5D. 75.5 /- 2.83 Question 8 After a study of the work processes on a project, a quality audit team reports to the project manager that irrelevant quality standards were being used by the project, which might lead to rework. What was the objective of the project manager in initiating this study? A. Quality controlB. Quality planningC. Checking adherence to processesD. Quality assurance Question 9 Which of the following provides the foundation for team development? A. MotivationB. Organizational developmentC. Conflict ManagementD. Individual Development Question 10 Which of the following is NOT an input to project plan execution? A. Work authorization systemB. Project planC. Corrective actionD. Preventive action Question 11 A project manager would find team development the most difficult in which form of organization? A. Weak Matrix organizationB. Balanced Matrix organizationC. Projectized organizationD. Tight Matrix organization Question 12 The project manager of a large multi-location software project team has 24 members, out of which 5 are assigned to testing. Due to recent recommendations by an organizational quality audit team, the project manager is convinced to add a quality professional to lead the test team at additional cost, to the project. The project manager is aware of the importance of communication, for the success of the project and takes this step of introducing additional communication channels, making it more complex, in order to assure quality levels of the project. How many additional communication channels are introduced as a result of this organizational change in the project? A. 25B. 24C. 1D. 5 Question 13 Once the project is complete, the complete set of project records should be put in which of the following? A. Project ArchivesB. DatabaseC. Storage roomD. Project Report Question 14 Which of the following is a common format for performance reporting? A. Pareto DiagramsB. Bar chartsC. Responsibility Assignment MatricesD. Control Charts Question 15 If the cost variance is positive and the schedule variance is also positive, this indicates the: A. Project is under budget and behind scheduleB. Project is over budget and behind scheduleC. Project is under budget and ahead of scheduleD. Project is over budget and ahead of schedule Question 16 During execution of a project, an identified risk event occurs that results in additional cost and time. The project had provisions for contingency and management reserves. How should these be accounted for? A. Contingency reservesB. Residual risksC. Management reservesD. Secondary risks Question 17 Which one of the following is the last step of project closing? A. Client has accepted the productB. Archives are completeC. Client appreciates your productD. Lessons learned are documented Question 18 Who should be involved in the creation of lessons learned, at the closure of a project? A. StakeholdersB. Project teamC. Management of the performing organizationD. Project office Question 19 An organization has recently started outsourcing work to a low cost, high value, engineering center located in a different country. Which of the following should the project manager provide for the team as a proactive measure? A. A training course on the laws of the countryB. A course on linguistic differencesC. An exposure to the cultural differencesD.A communication management plan Question 20 While reviewing the progress, the project manager assesses that an activity has been missed out from the implementation plan. A milestone, scheduled to be achieved within another week, would be missed with the current implementation plan. Which of the following is the next best action for the project manager in this situation? A. Report the error and the expected delayB. Omit the status update on the milestoneC. Report the error and the planned recovery actionsD. Assess alternatives to meet the milestone Answers The answers to the PMP sample questions are from Scribd, a fee-based information website. Answer 1 B - Explanation: The Delphi technique is a commonly used tool to secure expert judgment while initiating a project. Answer 2 B - Explanation: Project III has an IRR of 15 percent, which means the revenues from the project equal the cost expended at an interest rate of 15 percent. This is a definitive and a favorable parameter, and hence can be recommended for selection. Answer 3 C - Explanation: A WBS is a deliverable-oriented grouping of project components that organizes and defines the total scope of the project. Answer 4 D - Explanation: A start-to-finish (SF) relationship between two activities implies that the completion of a successor is dependent on the initiation of its predecessor. Answer 5 B - Explanation: The project team must complete a scope statement for developing a common understanding of the project scope among stakeholders. This lists project deliverables summary level sub-products, whose full and satisfactory delivery marks the completion of the project. Answer 6 A - Explanation: The organization’s reputation being at stake, the threshold for such a risk would be very low Answer 7 B - Explanation: The critical path is the longest duration path through a network and determines the shortest time to complete the project. The PERT estimates of the tasks listed are 27, 22.5 26. Therefore, the length of the critical path of the project is 2722.526 75.5. Answer 8 D - Explanation: Determining the validity of quality standards, followed by the project is a quality assurance activity. Answer 9 D - Explanation: Individual development (managerial and technical) is the foundation of a team. Answer 10 A - Explanation: A Project plan is the basis of project plan execution and is a primary input. Answer 11 A - Explanation: In a functional organization, the project team members have dual reporting to two bosses the project manager and the functional manager. In a weak matrix organization, the power rests with the functional manager. Answer 12 A - Explanation: Number of communication channels with â€Å"n†members n*(n-1)/2. Originally the project has 25 members (including the project manager), which makes the total communication channels as 25*24/2 300. With the addition of the quality professional as a member of the project team, the communication channels increase to 26*25/2 325. Therefore, the additional channels as a result of the change, that is, 325-300 25. Answer 13 A - Explanation: Project records should be prepared for archiving by the appropriate parties. Answer 14 B - Explanation: Common formats for Performance Reports are, bar charts (also called Gantt Charts), S-curves, histograms, and tables. Answer 15 C - Explanation: Positive Schedule Variance means the project is ahead of schedule; Negative Cost Variance means the project is over-budget. Answer 16 A - Explanation: The question is about correct accounting for risk events that occur and updating the reserves. Reserves are meant for making provisions in cost and schedule, to accommodate for consequences of risk events. Risk events are classified as unknown unknowns or known unknown, where â€Å"unknown unknowns†are risks that were are not identified and accounted for, while known unknowns are risks that were identified and provisions were made for them. Answer 17 B - Explanation: Archiving is the last step in the project closing. Answer 18 A - Explanation: Stakeholders include everyone who is actively involved in the project or whose interests may be affected as a result of the project execution or completion. The project team creates the lessons learned on the project. Answer 19 C - Explanation: Understanding cultural differences is the first step towards an effective communication amongst the project team involving outsourced work from a different country. So, what is needed in this case is an exposure to the cultural differences, which is being mentioned as choice C. Answer 20 D - Explanation: Choice D, that is, assess alternatives to meet the milestone indicates confronting the issue with an attempt to resolve the issue. Hence this would be the best approach.
Monday, February 24, 2020
Motivation Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words
Motivation Theories - Essay Example 121-123). In fact, without this fuel human beings would be inactive, leading a mundane life. According to the dictionary meaning of motivation, it is 'an internal state or condition (sometimes described as a need, desire, or want) that serves to activate or energize behavior and give it direction'. In the field of psychology, human motivation has long been studied as a way to explain an individual's behaviour. In reality, motivation is inferred rather than measured. The inference is made due to behavioural changes that result from external stimuli. It is also a performance variable because changes in a person's motivation are frequently of a temporary nature; with many people, what is high priority today may become singularly unimportant tomorrow. Abraham Maslow first introduced the theory of Motivation in the year 1954 in his book Motivation and Personality which stated how people satisfied various personal needs in the context of their work. He postulated, based on his observations as a humanistic psychologist, that there is a general pattern of needs recognition and satisfaction that people follow in generally the same sequence. He also theorized that a person could not recognize or pursue the next higher need in the hierarchy until her or his currently recognized need was substantially or completely satisfied, a concept called Prepotency (Gawel, 1997). His theory influences a number of fields, including education. This wide influence is due in part to the high level of practicality of Maslow's (1954) theory. Many people find they can understand what Maslow (1954) says. They can recognize some features of their experience or behavior which is true and identifiable but which they have never put into words. Below is given th e original model of Maslow's hierarchy of needs (1954). According to Maslow et al. (1954), there seems to be a hierarchy into which human needs arrange themselves, as per the above figure. The psychological needs form the base of the model and hence require being satisfied first. These are the basic human needs to sustain life itself-food, clothing, and shelter. Until these basic needs are satisfied to the degree needed for the sufficient operation of the body, the majority of a person's activity will probably be at this level, and the others will provide little motivation. When these needs are somewhat satiated, other needs emerge. Once physiological needs become gratified, the safety, or security needs become predominant. These needs are essentially the need to be free of the fear of physical danger and deprivation of the basic physiological needs. In other words, this is a need for self-preservation. In addition to the here and now, there is a concern for the future. Once physiological and safety needs are fairly well satisfied, social or affiliation will emerge as dominant in the need structure. Since people are social beings, they have a need to belong and to be accepted by various groups. When social needs become dominant, a person will strive for meaningful relations with others. After individuals begin to satisfy their need to belong, they generally want to be more than just a member of their group. They then feel the need for esteem- both self-esteem
Saturday, February 8, 2020
Proficiency tests Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Proficiency tests - Essay Example The test consists of 4 sections: reading (36-70 questions), listening (34-51 questions), speaking (6 tasks), and writing (2 tasks). TOEIC is a test designed to measure English language skills for business. There are two types of TOEIC tests: Speaking and Wring Test, Listening and Reading Test. Employers from all over the world use TOEIC tests to evaluate the proficiency of a potential employee to communicate in English. Listening and Reading test consists of 2 sections, and students are given 2,5 hours to complete it. Speaking tests consists of 11 questions to be answered in 20 minutes. Writing test has 8 tasks to be completed in an hour. IELTS is the International English Language Testing System. The test is to measure person’s reading, writing, listening and speaking skills. The test has an Academic version for those who take it for studying purposes, and a General Training version, which evaluates the person’s ability to live and work in an English-speaking environment. In general the test is designed to be taken for studying, immigration, and employment. At first a test taker has to take reading (1 hour) and writing (1 hour) tests. Then is the turn of the listening (30 min) and speaking (11-14 min)
Wednesday, January 29, 2020
Pizza hut pan pizza Essay Example for Free
Pizza hut pan pizza Essay Have you ever had a pan pizza from Pizza Hut? I hope that you have. I understand the price can be high, but do not worry about the price I have a recipe for that same amazing pan pizza. It will cost you a fraction of the price and you could even use organic ingredients. The process that I will be going over today is making Pizza Huts number one crust, and the recipe that I am analyzing is the best that I have tasted, so if you want to know how the dough is prepared, the sauce is made, and how to build and cook a pan pizza you are reading the right essay. The ingredients that you will need for the dough, 1 1/3 cups warm water (105 F), 1/4 cup non-fat powdered milk, 1/2 teaspoon salt, 4 cups flour, 1 tablespoon granulated sugar, 1 (1/4 ounce), package dry yeast, 2 tablespoons vegetable oil (for dough), 9 ounces vegetable oil (3 ounces per pan), and butter-flavored Pam cooking spray. After you get all the ingredients you want to make sure you have all the utensils, large bowl, whisk, and measuring cups. Pizza, â€Å"put yeast, sugar, salt, dry milk in large bowl; add water and stir to mix well. †â€Å"Put bowl and mixture off to the side so that it can rest for two minutes. †(â€Å"Pizza†) at the 2 min timer add oil to dough mixture and stir again. Add the flour and stir until dough forms and flour is absorbed. â€Å"Pull dough out on to a flat surface and mix dough so that the flour covers all of the sticky surface of the dough. †(â€Å"Pizza†). Divide dough in to three balls. Using a rolling pin roll each ball out in to a 9†circle. Place dough in to a warm area and allow to rise for an hour to an hour and a half. Now on from dough to sauce. I prefer this sauce because I love the flavor, but you could use any sauce that you would like. Utensils used will be large mixing bowl, measuring cups (teaspoon), and whisk. Ingredients that you will need for sauce, 1 (8 ounce) can tomato sauce, 1 teaspoon dry oregano, 1/2 teaspoon margarine, 1/2 teaspoon dry basil, 1/2 teaspoon garlic salt. Combine sauce ingredients and let sit for one hour. I prefer after mixing put the sauce in the fridge for the hour, mainly because cold sauce tastes better. Now that the dough and sauce is mixed you will need to get cooking pans and topping together. For the pans you will need three 9†cake pans. For instructions on Pizza, â€Å"Put 3 ounces of oil in each of three 9-inch cake pans, making sure it is spread evenly. †Now place the rolled out dough in to the cake pans, spray around the edge with the pan cooking spray. For each 9†pizza, spoon 1/3 cup of sauce on the dough and spread within 1-inch of the edge. Distribute 1 ? ounces of shredded mozzarella cheese (I also use cheddar cheese) the toppings can be of choice. I like to put pepperoni, mushrooms, and sausage, but like I said you can use any combination that you like even organic. After you have assembled your pizza, the oven should be preheated to 475 degrees, cook pizza till cheese is bubbly and outer crust is brown. I hope that a made a clear attempt to explain how the dough, sauce, and pizza is made. Even though this recipe is not an exact replica it is the closest recipe that you will find. The best thing about this recipe is the fact that you can make it however you want, add any toppings and use any cheese. I hope that you will use this recipe, and that it excites your taste buds as it did mine. Work Cited Pizza Hut Original Pan Pizza. http://www. food. com/recipe/pizza-hut-original-pan-pizza-91827.
Tuesday, January 21, 2020
Comparing the Hero in Sophocles Oedipus the King, Homers Odyssey, and
Heros in Sophocles' Oedipus the King, Homer's Odyssey, and Tan's Joy Luck Club       In world literature, there are two types of archetypal protagonists, the mythic hero and the tragic hero. Mythic heroes, like Homer's Odysseus, represent the combination of superhuman virtues and human imperfections. These traits create a supernatural adventure with a realistic character. The mythic hero is favored by divine powers and eventually achieves a certain goal or completes a certain journey. On the other hand, there is the tragic hero, like Sophocles' Oedipus. The unfortunate tragic hero has a penchant for attempting to escape a doomed fate. The tragic hero lives under the shadow that the gods place. Literature throughout the expanse of time has hovered around the lives of the mythic and tragic heroes. Contemporary novel The Joy Luck Club explores these themes as well. The two characters, Lindo Jong and Ying-ying St. Clair, exemplify the polar extremes of mythic vs. tragic.  Both mythic heroes and tragic heroes must pass through a series of set obstacles and wind their way toward a certain goal. The major difference between the two archetypes is how the protagonist reaches the end. Mythic heroes transgress through their journey with optimism and a building sense of accomplishment. Tragic heroes operate on the slant of pessimism and failing attempts to escape from a worse fate. To put it more clearly, the mythic hero tries to run toward success, while a tragic hero tries to run away from failure. In this sense, the story's attitude, the protagonists' control on fate, and the divinely ordained sequence of events work together to form the type of hero that takes the lead.  Odysseus, hero of... ...ea House 1988 Graham, A. J. "History and Heros," Princeton 1999 Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York: 1996 Lucas, D. W., ed. Aristotle: Poetics. Oxford: Oxford U-Clarendon P, 1968. Sophocles. "Oedipus Rex." An Introduction to Literature, 11th ed.Eds. Sylvan Barnet, et al. New York: Longman, 1997. 800-836. Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. Vintage Contemporaries. New York: A Division of Random House, Inc., 1991. Tracy, Stephen V., The story of the Hero. Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, c1990. PA4167 .T7 1990
Monday, January 13, 2020
Priorities and Responses Essay
This assignment will look at incidents and emergencies that can happen in a health and social care setting. Within my assignment I will be explaining possible priorities and responses when dealing with two incidents or emergencies in a health and social care setting. I will be discussing health, safety or security concerns that may arise from the incident or emergency. Then I will be discussing how I would respond to them. An emergency is defined as â€Å"a serious, unexpected, and often dangerous situation requiring immediate action.†(Oxford University Press, 2014). An incident is defined as â€Å"a relatively insignificant event that might have serious consequences.†(Collins, 2014). Anna is 56 year old woman who lives in a residential care home because she developed early-onset Alzheimer’s a few years ago and her daughter can no longer care for her at home, as her arthritis has also become more severe and she struggles to do basic things by herself now as it can become very painful for her to move at all at a moment’s notice. I am a carer who works at the residential care home that she lives in. A fault with the electrics causes a fire to start in the downstairs of the home. I am upstairs with Anna helping her get changed as she spilt her drink on herself, when we were alerted to the fire. By the time we were alerted to the fire it had already spread throughout the entire downstairs of the home so it was preventing us from exiting the building down the stairs. There is no other fire exit upstairs to the outside so I have no choice but to separate myself and Anna from the fire. To do this I take her back into her room as she has a room at the fro nt of the house with a large window. I close the door and roll up her blanket and put it along the gap at the bottom of the door to stop any smoke coming in. This is a good preventative measure as a door can keep a fire back for at least half an hour while we wait for the emergency services to arrive. Unfortunately there is not a room in the home with a fire door as this would be a much better aid as it can keep a fire back for two hours. Once I have put the blanket under the door and made sure that any gaps there are covered I open the window as wide as it can possibly go and start shouting to alert other carers and residents as well as any other people who are outside that we are trapped inside the building. This way the fire services will make rescuing us a priority when they arrive. Unfortunately while I am alerting people outside Anna has become very distressed because of the situation and she has fallen over and bumped her head on the table. I immediately go to her and ask her if she is alright, she doesn’t respond, so I gently tap her on the shoulder. She still doesn’t respond, so as my priority is whether or not she is breathing I check this, fortunately she is breathing normally but her head is bleeding quite a bit, but as my priority is her breathing at the moment I put her in the recovery position with her resting on the side of her head that is bleeding to apply pressure to it. Once I have checked that she is still breathing normally I move my attention back to the fire, I check the door with the back of my hand to see if it is hot. It is not, so the fire has not spread up the stairs just yet so I keep the door closed so to not add oxygen to the fire which would only cause it to flare up. I do not touch the handle of the door as it is made of metal and could possibly be extremely hot. I then go back to Anna and check that she is still breathing normally. The home has an automatic link to the emergency services through the alarm system so the fire services have already been alerted by the fire alarms going off and shoul d be arriving soon. Moments later the emergency services arrive and they come to the window to help get us out. As Anna is unconscious and bleeding she is the one who needs immediate care so the priority is to get her out safely first. The fire men safely remove Anna from the room and take her down to the ground where an ambulance is waiting to transport her to the local hospital to receive the care she needs. Once the fire has been extinguished our next priority is to report her fall in the accident book, in case there is any query later on. Within the accident book we record her name, what injuries she suffered, the time and location of it and a record of the first aid treatment she was given. My name was also recorded as I was the only witness as to what happened. A follow up review is then carried out to understand why the incident happened and to evaluate how effective my response was. This may take a few months in some cases. After the event I have to go and talk to a counsellor about what happened to check and make sure that I am not emotionally traumatised. After the incident the care home reviewed their policies and procedures to see how well they worked. The managers review how smoothly things were dealt with and see if it could have been dealt with any better. In order to avoid the same things happening again if something similar were to happen the care home implemented improvements to the establishment by adding another fire escape route from the upstairs to the outside. (Beryl Stretch, Mary Whitehouse, 2010). Jack is a 26 year old man who lives in a residential care home because he has severe learning disabilities. I am a carer who works in the residential care home that he lives in. One day while we are in the day room looking for something to do his behaviour starts to change. I notice that he is showing behavioural signs of becoming aggressive. He is tense and agitated, and when I try to talk to him he is responding loudly and abruptly. The muscles in his jaw are tensed and his pupils have dilated. His hands are tightly balled into fists and he is leaning over me invading my personal space. By now his behaviour has become aggressive towards me and he has started verbally threatening me. Unfortunately I do not know what has triggered him to become aggressive this time so I do not know what I can do or remove from the situation to try and prevent him getting out of control. My first response is to try and talk to Jack in a calm voice to try and stop the situation going in a violent direction. I am talking to him calmly without raising my voice to try and get him to calm down and not get too over-worked and distressed. Unfortunately my efforts to try and diffuse the situation by talking to him have not worked, so my next thought is to check for the nearest exit and slowly back away from him, whilst continuing to talk to him. Jack is blocking the only exit from the room and he is becoming increasingly aggressive and I am starting to become worried for my own safety. Since his behaviour is becoming worse and he is showing signs of becoming physically violent, I continue to talk to him in the hope of calming him down, and I also discretely push the panic button to call for help without alerting him to it so that it doesn’t cause him to become anymore agitated or distressed. Unfortunately, he starts throwing things in my direction, like cups and bo oks off the table. He is about to pick up a chair to throw at me when three other carers come into the room. I continue to talk to Jack in a non-threatening, soft, calm tone to try and reassure him and explain to him and the other carers what is happening. â€Å"Hi guys, Jack’s feeling a bit upset today, I think we’re having a little bit of an ‘off’ day today, so we just need to try and calm things down a bit now†. As I am talking to him and the other carers, one of them disarms Jack by taking the chair away from him, and the other two physically restrain him, which allows them to control him without actually hurting him. They are fully trained in the correct way to use restraint techniques. Restraining him was the last resort as I did try to diffuse the situation by talking to him but this did not work and his behaviour became violent and our priority is not only the safety of him, myself and the others carers but also the safety of the other residents. As his behaviour became violent we had no choice but to restrain him not only for our own safety, but for his own safety as he could become a risk to himself but also to the other residents as he runs the risk of turning his aggression onto them as well as me. Once he has been restrained and had time to calm down he is much more placid and is no longer showing signs of aggression. We have to record the incident in the accident book in case there are any queries that may arise at a later date, possibly if he has any marks on him from being restrained. Also, we record it in an incident book for other members of staff, like other carers who work with Jack and also carers who may not work directly with him but may be around him in the home. This way they can see what has happened, and this way we can keep a record of when and where he becomes aggressive so that we can try and find a pattern to try and figure out what triggers him. So then we can try and prevent it happening again, so if he only becomes aggressive on days he has a certain food, like chocolate then we can try avoiding that particular food and see if it helps at all. Also the home reviewed its policies and procedures and set in place changes so that there must be at least two carers at all times with Jack in case he suddenly becomes aggressive again. (Beryl Stretch, Mary Whitehouse, 2010).
Sunday, January 5, 2020
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